8000 Years of Iranian History

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IPC History

Chapter One
Introduction and Preface

Introduction

I was sitting in my home office, behind my desk and thinking about the depth of this issue, about how we always discuss this issue, about how we need to solve this issue for once and for all! To understand, analyze and to solve this issue, we need historical knowledge, and the best way to gain that is to research, study, logic and reason about history. We need to do a wide research of history to answer this question.

Nationalism is the key to many of our questions. You best recognize what it means to be a true Nationalist from many of our brothers and sisters who lost their lives for this land. This soil is holy, is valuable, is cherished, is blessed. This soil is what you are about, what we are about, what Iran is about. This soil is what we have been protecting for thousands of years. This soil is everything that we are about. This soil is about our culture, traditions, art, music, knowledge, philosophy, humanity, race, blood, language, and the very lifeline that runs through our bodies, the very veins and bloodline which runs through our body, it is the food for our souls, without it, we will have no souls. You best recognize that this soil is sacred, this is what Iran comes down to. This soil is what Yaqub Leis Saffarid the savior and liberator of Iran who put an end to 222 years of Arab supremacy of Iran, used to worship! This soil is what Nader Shah Afsharid used to swear upon it. This soil is what Hakim Abol Qasem Ferdowsi Tusi, the reviver of the Persian Language; the Iranian Shakespeare poet used to value and cherish. This soil is what my ancestors prayed to. This soil is what I bow to and what I kiss, for ever and ever more….. You best recognize what is the meaning of the true Nationalism.

Many are schooled, yet only a few are truly educated! Many know their history; many learned about their history, some half way and some all the way. Many saw the conflict, many realized that Arabo-Islamic forces invaded us about 1400 years ago and destroyed every shred of our Aryan Culture, our Persian Culture; yet, when we kicked them out, and put an end to their 222 years of colonialism, we continued worshiping their God (Allah), their way of life, their traditions, and their sub-culture.

We celebrated their holidays like Eyd-e Qorban and Fetr; we mourned during the death anniversaries of their leaders, the same leaders who killed and slaughtered Persians and our ancestors by the dozens and by the thousands, like Ali, Hassan, Hussein, and others….. We worshiped their prophet Mohammed whose very evil plans ruined our Persian Empire, our way of life, and our Persian heritage. What species other than Persians worship their oppressors, their executioners? Hard to find such species indeed! How did this happen? What were the roots of these problems?

Many saw these conflicts, saw these betrayal of Iran, saw this selling of Iran by the pound, saw this historical contradiction, many saw this abomination of worshiping our enemy! An enemy who we kicked out of Iran, yet we worshiped its very own culture, traditions, religion, etc.

Many had pretended that they were blind, so they selected not to bother with this contradiction, others simply ignored the problem. Many saw the conflict, understood it but yet ignored it and turned the other way. Many saw the conflict and had a hard time digesting it, yet eventually they justified it for themselves! Many had a hard time and still are having a hard time accepting it. Many never accepted it, many always fought it, many did not sell Iran for a dime…….many, many, many……..

But I am here to testify …. I hereby state that two elements are for sure factual:

A. Every one Persian at one time or another has noticed this contradiction.
B. Every one Persian at one time or another has to solve this conflict for himself.

That is why “You best recognize” that I am here for one thing and one thing only.

I am here to Question this contradiction, to study this contradiction, to analyze this conflict and finally to find a solution for this abomination!

If we shall not find the truth, if we will not find a solution, then we will fail to see reality, find the truth, find the historical facts, we will fail, and then we will die failed; therefore, masters of ignorance, lords of oppression, the ones who need to keep our masses in chain of ignorance, will “Dance on our Graves.” So, we shall research, study and learn about the historical facts. Thus as we spoken, many are schooled; yet a few are truly educated! Many own degrees, but have they truly learned anything?

Self-education, mass education, research, experiment, analysis of our true history is the key to our salvation. We must know our true history, so we can find the salvation to our ill faith, our ill society which is called the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI).

More power to us, finding our way through this dark alley.

So I started scattering my historical books, historical atlases, historical maps, historical magazines, articles, dictionaries, encyclopedias, geographical atlases, essays, papers and all my past research around myself. I sat behind my computer desk while spreading my documents on my study desk, my guest office chair, all over my computer desk and on the floor. I got down and dirty, because I was about to start writing a historical research article, no actually let’s write a Historical Mini Series. Forget about it, why not writing a history book? I started at dawn and I finished at dusk! But how many dawns and dusks? That’s another story! Let’s just say that I am very satisfied with the way this book turned out, yet now that I am done, I am also in need of a vacation!

……….and this is how it went…….

Preface

These questions are frequently asked:

Which is the oldest civilization in the world?
How old is Iranian Civilization?
How old is Iranian History?
When were the first civilization lived on Iranian Plateau and Continental Shelf?
Who were these people who lived there first?
What race were they?

We have been hearing about this endless argument and debate going on and on for years, and specifically among the Iranian people. For once and for all, we need to clear this issue. I can see that many argue over this issue restlessly.

Persia, Pars and Iran

Please note that the term “Persia” is the Latin term for Iran. The term “Pars” is the Persian term for “Persia”. Before 1935 (Reza Shah The Great), throughout the millenniums, the name of the country was “Pars” (in Persian) and “Persia” (in Latin). Reza Shah changed the name of the country from “Pars” to “Iran” (1935). Iran means “Land of Aryans”. Therefore, throughout my writings, when you read about Persia, Pars and Iran, all three are the same.

The 8000 Years History

Iran has about 8000 years of history. Iran is the oldest civilization in the world. This is the latest research on history of civilizations, archeology and anthropology. When we say 8000 years, it does not mean 8000 years of Aryan Civilization. It means 8000 years history of Iran, meaning every civilization, which lived in Iran. By this, we mean the very first civilization, which lived Geologically on Iranian Continental Shelf, Geographically on Iranian Plateau, and Physically inside the Greater Iran.

Susa (Shush), The First Civilization

The very first civilization which had ever lived in Iran was The Shush Civilization. 8000 years ago, there was a civilization which lived in today’s Khuzestan, their name was “Shush Civilization,” or in English “Susa Civilization.” So far this has been reported as the oldest civilization which had ever existed on Earth. By civilization, we mean civilized city government or city-state or Empire or Kingdom or any type of local civilized system. Archeologists divide time periods and discoveries of Shush, into two periods: Period One and Period Two. These periods are based on Geological Layers which the fossils and other material has been found in them, layer one and two which are on top of one another. Archeologists were digging in Shush since 1897 by “Jan Morgan” the French Archeologist, all the way until the present day.

Dr. Scheil was also another valuable archeologist who dedicated a lot on uncovering the secrets of Shush. But only during the last decade a vast amount of discovery has been found at Shush. These discoveries resulted in a huge amount of knowledge about the Shushians. About 4000 dishes of potsherd has been found at Shush, which 2500 of these potteries are painted and designed from the first period of Shush Civilization. A sample of these potteries are at The Ancient Iran (Iran-e Bastan) Museum. These potteries are so thin that one can compare them with the eggshells! Among other artifacts were axes, battle mace, clubs, pins, fabrics, and traditional grinding handle and bowl (Kase va Dasteh Havan), also many more.

Susians (Shushians) were not Elamites or Hemitic

Many falsely assume two things:

1. Susa was Elam and Susians were Elamites
2. Susians were Hemitic (Arab Races).

Both above assumptions are false. They are false either due to historical ignorance or to discredit Iranian Ingenuity of 8000 years.

In certain periods of history, Elam or Babylon dominated Susa and vice versa. Both Elam and Babylon influenced the Susa civilization and vice versa; however, we shall never assume that Susa was Elam! This is a grave historical error.

Susa, Elam and Babylon were three different civilizations and three different regional powers, which from time to time, each controlled the complete region of Western Iran and Mesopotamia.

To state Susians were Elamites is the same as to state Iranians are Arabs! This is the ultimate ignorance! Unfortunately many Iranian and foreign Historians assume so! We need to educate these people to the modern discoveries and history. We need to drag these people to 21st Century!

Susians were also of the local Iranian races, before the coming of Aryans. Many civilizations and people were living in Iranian Plateau before the coming of Aryans. Susa, Casia, Kassites, Mannaians and Kirmanians were some of these people and civilizations. By no means these people were Hemitic or Arab! They were of local Iranian races. They were of Iranian Plateau races, way before the coming of Aryans. Their roots and their origins are from various places such as Caucasia, Troxiana, and Northern Territories of Caspian Sea, but not from Arabia or Mesopotamia! Eventually throughout the centuries, they have landed in Iranian Plateau and became the “Iranian Local Races.”

There is no evidence whatsoever which proves that these people came from Mesopotamia or Arabia; therefore, they were Hemitic! This is yet another fabrication for Arabs, Arab Worshipers and Iranian Traitors to discredit 8000 years of Iranian history and give credit to Arabs and Hemites! No matter what, they cannot falsify the history. History is a science and it gets updated by the minute. One cannot shove selected lies into Ancient History of Iran!

It is time for these so called historians to “Evolve”.
It is also time for people who believe in these lies to “Evolve”.
Evolve to new Horizons, Evolve towards Modern Scientific History.

Back to top

* * *

Chapter Two
Ancient History of Iran

Historical Introduction

If you surf around the Internet, you will notice a various number of sites are documenting the history of Iran. After conducting a vast research, I have found out that practically all of these sites are full of errors in regards to:

. Age of Iranian History
. Names and Ages of Dynasties
. Names and Ages of Monarchs
. Historical Dates
. Origin of various Iranian Races
. Or all five of the above.

You cannot trust these websites, simply because they are either “Open Source” and anyone can post anything in them, or they are written by web masters whom are not historians, scientists or valid researchers.

As I have written before, I look at history as a science. The science is updating by the time. Unfortunately many historians look at history as a Dogmatic and Unchangeable Document, a Dogma!

Therefore, It was necessary to research and write an up-to-dated, upgraded, historically accurate, and scientific document according to the latest archeological, anthropological and historical discoveries and facts on the complete historical periods of Iran.

This scientific and accurate document is now in front of you. What you are about to read is the latest research on the 8000 years of the Iranian Historical Periods, Dynasties and Monarchs.

8000 years of Iranian history
Periods of Iranian History:

1. Ancient Civilizations Era: 6000 BC - 2000 BC
2. Vedai Era: 2000 BC - 850 BC
3. Pre-Avesta Era: 850 BC - 728 BC
4. The Kingdom Era: 728 BC - 559 BC
5. The First Imperial Era: 559 BC - 651 AD
6. The First Arabo-Islamic Invasion-Occupation Era: 651 AD - 873 AD
7. The Second Imperial Era: 873 AD - 1979 AD
8. The Second Arabo-Islamic Invasion-Occupation Era: 1979 AD - present

Many Archeological Sites of Iran, goes back 8000 years to Shush (Susa) Civilization in Khuzestan at South-West of Iran. Shush Civilization of 8000 years, is the oldest civilization which has been discovered so far in the world. Iran has many archeological sites: South near Shiraz, East near Kermanshah, South-West near Shush, Tape Hissar at North-East, and others. Iran’s Archeological Sites goes back all the way from Shush Civilization, Vedai Era, Median Kingdom, Achaemenid Empire, Arsacid (Ashkanid) Parthian Empire, Sassanid Persian Empire, on going to the modern era.

Iran’s sites are from local civilizations such as:

Iranian Local Civilizations

* Shush (Susa) Civilization (South West)
* Casia Civilization of Gilan
(Caspian Civilization established in South-West of Caspian Sea) before The Aryan Immigration
* Kirmania Civilization of Jiroft, Kerman (South East)
* Kassite Civilization of Lorestan (West)
* Mannaian Civilization of West Azerbaijan (North West)
Note: Iranian local civilizations were of the local races of Iran, which had settled in Iran before the coming of Aryans. They were by no means of Hemitic (Arabic) races.

Also from the three tribes of the Aryan Immigrants, which were eventually established:

Iranian Aryan Civilizations

* The Median Civilization of North-West, West and North-Central Iran.
* The Parthian Civilization of North Caspian Sea Shores, Semnan/Khorasan at North-East Iran.
* The Persian Civilization of South and South-Central and Central Iran.

For historical dates of the Dynasties and Monarchs or Iranian Periods, read:
Iran Dynasties and Monarchs of 8000 Years

Susa Artifacts

Susa Artifacts - Historical Evidence of:

1. Susa is a Persian Civilization.
2. At one time, Susa ruled the complete region of present Khuzestan, ILam, Bakhtiari and Kohkiluyeh (provinces of Iran), and all Mesopotamia in Iraq.

o 6000 BC - 5000 BC: Painted pottery, statues and figurines of Haji Firuz and Amu Nowruz are similar to those found at sites in Mesopotamia (While under the rule of Susa), indicating contact between distant settlements in various areas of the region of Mesopotamia, Susa and Persia.

o 4200 BC: The site of Susa was found on a broad fertile plain. Surrounded by numerous agricultural villages, Susa is centered on a large mud-brick platform and became the regional locus of what is now central Khuzestan. Finely handmade, painted vessels are buried in graves beside the platform. The variety and individuality of these specialized wares indicate the presence of many artisans and craftsmen.

3400 BC - 3100 BC: Ceramics, cylinder seals, and sculpture at both Susa and Choqa Mish are virtually identical to those from southern Mesopotamia during Kingdom of Susa’s reign.

o 3100 BC - 2700 BC: During the Proto Elamite period, Susa, same as the neighboring Mesopotamia, used hollow clay balls (bullae) to enclose counting tokens, and cylinder seals that were applied to a variety of jar sealings as well as bullae and clay tablets. The seals and small-scale sculptures were of the highest quality, often depicting wild animals or demonic figures in humanlike postures. Clay tablets inscribed with the Proto Elamite writing system were found at numerous sites across Iran. Although derived from Mesopotamian cuneiform, the script remains largely un-deciphered.

o 2600 BC - 2250 BC: Chlorite vessels of the “Intercultural Style” were characterized by decoration of the entire surface with abstract and radical patterns, vegetal and architectural motifs, or naturalistic representations of animals or humans. Made in southern Iran and the greater Gulf region, these vessels were traded widely across the Near East from Syria to the Indus Valley.

o 2350 BC -2000 BC: Susa had fallen under the rule of the Mesopotamian kings of Akkad and, later on, the Third Dynasty of Ur.

Puzur-in-Shushinak (2112 BC - 2095 BC)

Influenced by the art of Mesopotamia, Puzur-in-Shushinak (2112 BC - 2095 BC) is the first king of Susa to leave very large-scale statuary. A number of his monuments are inscribed with bilingual inscriptions: Akkadian written in cuneiform, and Elamite written in a poorly understood linear script. At the end of this period, the Elamites invaded southern Mesopotamia, destroying the city of Ur.

Elamite Periods

Proto Elamite: 3200 BC ­ 2700 BC (Proto-Elamite scripts in Susa)

Old Elamite period: 2700 BC ­ 1600 BC (Earliest documents until the Eparti Dynasty’s reign)

Middle Elamite period: 1500 BC ­ 1100 BC (Anzanite Dynasty until the Babylonian invasion of Susa)

Neo Elamite period: 1100 BC ­ 539 BC (As we see the Images of Shahs, characterized by Iranian and Syrian influence. 539 BC marks the beginning of the Achaemenid period)

Common Historical Error

Note: Many historians and public, often mistake and confuse The Iranian Civilization of Susa with Elamite reign! Throughout the history of Susa, there were times in which Elamites effected or dominated Susa; however, Susa Civilization dates back 8000 years all the way back to 6000 BC. Susa Civilization is an Iranian Local Civilization.

Ancient Susa

Persian City State
6000 BC - 3750 BC
Susa City State (6000 BC - 3750 BC)
Iran has 8000 years of history, oldest civilization on Earth.
From 6000 BC to 3750 BC, The first civilization in Iran (Susa) was a city-state and ruled by Governors. Some Governors were subject rulers, some autonomous, and some independent.
Shimbi-ish-Khuk Governor of Susa [Under Babylon] (Before 3750 BC)

Persian Ancient Kingdom
3750 BC - 539 BC
First King of Iran (Persian Kingdom)
Kingdom of Susa
Karibu-Sha-Shushinak also known as Shushinak (3750 BC), son of Shimbi-ish-Khuk (patesi of Susa, governor of the land of Elam), at First was a subject ruler under Babylon, then he became an independent Sha (Shah), The Shah of Susa [First Shah of Iran]. Before this period, there were Governors ruling Susa, not Shahs. After this date, Susa became an independent kingdom. Shushinak built many temples and wrote many inscriptions. Shushinak started the Kingdom of Iran. Karibu Sha was the first Sha (Shah) of Iran. After him, many Susa Dynasties ruled Iran. Susa Kingdom reign ended by start of the Achaemenid Empire.

Important Note on the term “Shushinak”

Shushinak was the main God of Susa; therefore, many Shahs of Susa carried his name as their own last names.

Archeological and Historical Evidence

A Block of Limestone, found at Susa bearing inscriptions of Karibu-Sha-Shushinak.
Photographs and documentations were taken from M. De Morgan’s Delegation of Persia (en Perse). The main part of the inscription is written in Semitic Babylonian, and below there is an addition to the text written in Proto Elamite characters, probably enumerating the offerings which the Karibu-Sha-Shushinak decreed should be made for the future in honor of the Susa God.

Later on in time this Proto Elamite system of writing by means of ideographs seems to have died out, and a modified form of the Babylonian system was adopted by the Elamites for writing their own language phonetically. It is in this phonetic character that the “Anzanite” texts of the later Elamite princes’ were composed in.

Today we are practically assured that both inscriptions were the work of Karibu-Sha-Shushinak. The second inscription, from its position on the stone is clear that it was written after and not before Karibu-Sha-Shushinak’s inscription in Semitic Babylonian.

The reproduction of Karibu-Sha-Shushinak’s inscription shows us that the inscription was most likely a bilingual inscription. He was one of the earlier of the subject princes of Susa whom later on became independent. He styles himself “patesi of Susa, governor of the land of Elam,” but we do not know at present to what contemporary king in Babylonia he owed allegiance. The longest of his inscriptions that have been recovered is engraved upon a stele of limestone and records the building of the Gate of Shushinak at Susa and the cutting/building of a “Canal”. It also recounts the offerings, which Karibu-Sha-Shushinak dedicated on the completion of the work. It may here be quoted as an example of the class of votive inscriptions from which the names of these early Elamite and Susa rulers have been recovered. The inscription runs as follows:

Karibu-Sha-Shushinak’s Inscription

Karibu-Sha-Shushinak’s Inscription:

{”For the God “Shushinak”, his lord, Karibu-Sha-Shushinak, the son of Shimbi-ish-Khuk, patesi of Susa, governor of the land of Elam, …when he set the (door) of his Gate in place, … in the Gate of the God “Shushinak”, his lord, and when he had opened the Canal of “Sidur”, he set up in face thereof his canopy, and he set planks of cedar-wood for its gate. A sheep in the interior thereof, and sheep without, he appointed (for sacrifice) to him each day. On days of festival he caused the people to sing songs in the Gate of the God “Shushinak.”

And twenty measures of fine oil he dedicated to make his gate beautiful.
Four Magi of silver he dedicated;
A censer of silver and gold he dedicated for a sweet odor;
A sword he dedicated;
An axe with four blades he dedicated,
And he dedicated silver in addition for the mounting thereof…. A righteous judgment he judged in the city!

As for the man who shall transgress his judgment or shall remove his gift, may the Gods “Shushinak” and “Shamash”, “Bel” and “Ea”, “Ninni” and “Sin”, “Mnkharsag” and “Nati-may” all the Gods uproot his foundation, and his seed may they destroy!”}

How do you like the final threat and curse upon the violators who may interfere with Karibu-Sha-Shushinak’s work?!

Analysis of Karibu-Sha-Shushinak’s Inscription

Obviously “Shushinak” was the main God of Susa whom Karibu-Sha-Shushinak dedicated many offerings to this God. It will be seen that Karibu-Sha-Shushinak takes a delight in enumerating the details of the offerings he had ordained in honor of his city-god “Shushinak”, and this religious temper is peculiarly characteristic of the princes of Susa throughout the whole course of their history.

Another interesting point to notice in the inscription is that, although the writer invokes Shushinak, his own god, and puts his name at the head of the list of deities whose vengeance he implores upon the impious, he also calls upon the gods of the Babylonians. As he wrote the inscription itself in Babylonian, in the belief that it might be recovered by some future inhabitant of his country, so he included in his imprecations those deities whose names he conceived would be most reverenced by such a reader. In addition to Karibu-Sha-Shushinak the names of a number of other patesis, or viceroys, have recently been recovered, such as

Khutran-Tepti,
And
Idadu I
and his son
Kal-Rukhu-Ratir
and his grandson
Idadu II.

All of these kings ruled after Karibu-Sha-Shushinak, and may be set in the early period of Babylonian supremacy in Elam. First they were patesis and next kings of Susa.

Judgement on Karibu Sha

Karibu Sha had many negative and positive points; however, as the first official Sha (Shah) of Iran, he took primarily Susa and then the local region out of the Babylonian domination.

Karibu Sha built many temples, wrote different inscriptions (we have documentations on two), built an important canal (Canal of Sidur), built up the City State of Susa and turned it to the Kingdom of Susa. Karibu Sha built many statues and totems of Gods and dedicated many sacrifices and offerings to Gods, specifically God Shushinak. But the most important task of all Karibu Sha’s tasks was that he advanced and established the first independent Iranian Kingdom, the “Kingdom of Susa”. This is how we will remember the legacy of Karibu Sha.

Karibu Sha, established the foundation for “City State of Susa” to become the “Kingdom of Susa” which eventually later in times dominated the complete region of South-Western Iran, Western Iran and Mesopotamia.

Periods of Susa, Babylon and Elam Supremacy

Obviously Susa had rivalry with Elam and Babylon. From time to time each of the three would take over and control the complete region of Mesopotamia. So Susa from Khuzestan, Babylon from South and Elam from West would all seek absolute control of Mesopotamia and from time to time, each of these civilizations dominated the other two and ruled the complete region.

Karibu-Sha-Shushinak (3750 BC)
Susa Dynasty

Karibu-Sha-Shushinak 3750 BC, First was Under Babylon, then became independent [First Shah of Iran] before this period, there were Governors, not Shahs. After Karibu Sha, many other Sha’s ruled, but Karibu Sha started it all.

Kudur-Nakhunta (2280 BC)
Avan Dynasty

About 2280 BC the king of Susa, Kudur-Nakhunta, effected the conquest of Mesopotamia and decorated his capital with the spoils of the towns of Chaldæ; notable among these was the statue of the Goddess Nana, which he facilitated to be transported from Uruk [Erech] to Susa.

Shutruk-Nakhunta (1210 BC)
Shutrukids Dynasty [The 1st Dynasty]

A king of Susa, Shutruk-Nakhunta, boasts of having devastated Chaldæ, and of having seized the statue of Melishikhu; he records that he took some hundreds of towns, brought back several kings as captives, and built a large number of temples at Susa. His grandson, Shilkhak-in-Shushinak, restored these buildings, where the statue of Melishikhu, the statue of Kudurru, and the statues of Chaldeæn divinities were placed, with all the precious objects taken from the towns of the Tigris valley.

Babylonian and Elamite Occupation of Susa (1100 BC - 770 BC)

Finally Babylonians and Elamites understood that the only way they could dominate Susa and destroy Susa’s rivalry was to unite as a united front against Susa! Obviously the plan worked and together they captured Susa and managed to dominate Susa between 1100 BC - 770 BC.

Chapter Three
Susa

Susa, The Geography

Shush Civilization had a system of Local City government and also it was a city-state type of a government with the capital of Shush. Originally, City of Shush was located near today’s Shush and Shushtar. Today, Ruins of historic Shush are located at the west of city of Shush and at the North West of city of Shushtar located on the North West of the State of Khuzestan. The civilization started from the Old City of Shush, yet eventually expanded and took over a good chunk of Khuzestan. So Shush Civilization basically covered a territory as large as a greater part of the Khuzestan.

Susa, The Government

As mentioned, Shush Civilization was a City State, with almost the same government structure as “The Maya Civilization” of Central Americas, which specifically was located at The Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico) and Guatemala. The city of Shush was the center of the government, ruling the state from Shush; therefore the whole system of the state was circulated and dictated from the city of Shush.

Susa, The Economy and Society

Shush had domesticated cattle, had cattle ranches, and had Animal Husbandry Economy since 6000 BC. Shush had agriculture and a fine system of irrigation; therefore, moved to Agricultural Economy since 5000 BC. As the earliest arsenal, bronze was produced at Tape Yahya about 3800 BC, Shush became a weapon producer. By 3500 BC the full system of city-state was operating at Shush, and by 3400 BC Priests gained power and formed one of the elite groups among the government. By 2900 BC brick buildings were visible all over the place, they even started building defensive walls around the City of Shush and other cities of the city-state. They had secular rulers gaining importance from 2750 BC, even had a military build up and the use of four wheeled war wagons since 2400 BC. Among the weapons, they used spears, swords, daggers, bow and arrows, and knives. They made weapons with stone, metals and leather. They had aqueduct system, irrigation, fertile lands, reading and writing system, numeral system, scripts, governing system, and a local security enforcement. They became a highly evolved and sophisticated society of city-states revolved around the main city-state of Shush.

Susa Transportation

They had a system of transport through rivers and bodies of water in flat lands of Khuzestan which they used small boats, canoes, air filled boats and balams (local Khuzestanian small boats) to transport people, tools and merchandise. They also had small roads, which they were using horses, donkeys, wheeled wagons, war wagons, and etc. to move with.

Invention of Beer

The traces of beer has been found on ancient bowls and dishes in Shush. They were the oldest civilization in the world who were drinking alcohol, specifically “beer.” As far as we know, according to ancient historians, archeologists, and anthropologist scientists, the oldest trace of alcohol beverages was found in Shush. So far historians believe that Shush people were the first who invented beer and were the first who were drinking alcohol. This shows you, why Persians are such big drinkers! I guess later on, we evolved to Vodka! LOL

Susa, The History

Shush, including Elam (ILam) and Anshan were all close city-states. Many times during the ancient history, Shush had ruled the other two; many times Shush had even ruled the whole Mesopotamia! That is why eventually Shush became the capital of Elam, in different eras of ancient history. Karibu-Sha-Shushinak also known as Shushinak (3750 BC) was one of Shush’s great kings, he built many temples. Technically he was the first Shah of Iran.

Persian City State

Susa City State (6000 BC - 3750 BC)
Iran has 8000 years of history, oldest civilization on Earth. From 6000 BC to 3750 BC, The first civilization in Iran (Susa) was a city-state and ruled by Governors. Some Governors were subject rulers of Babylon, some autonomous, and some independent. For instance, Shimbi-ish-Khuk Governor of Susa [Under Babylon] (Before 3750 BC) was one.

Persian Kingdom

Kingdom of Susa
First King of Iran (Persian Kingdom)
Karibu-Sha-Shushinak also known as Shushinak (3750 BC), son of Shimbi-ish-khuk (patesi of Susa, governor of the land of Elam), at First was a subject ruler Under Babylon, then he became an independent Sha (Shah), The Shah of Susa [First Shah of Iran]. Naturally before this period, there were Governors ruling Susa. Shushinak built many temples, monuments, a canal (Canal of Sidur) and wrote many inscriptions. Shushinak started the Kingdom of Iran.

Susa Empire!

Susa Kingdom expands to an Empire!
On 2280 BC Kudur Nakhunta, famous Shah of Susa, king of Shush done the conquest of the whole Mesopotamia, he took over Chaldea and decorated his capital with the statue of the Goddess Nana which had been transported from Uruk (Capital of Chaldea) to Shush. We can trace at least 20 different kings in Shush which at least belonged to three different dynasties. We can also see the conflict of races in Shush. There were times that Elamites (ILamies) hemitics were in power, and then there were times that Anzan (Anshan) Asianics were in power, the mixture of Hemitics, Asianics, and the Local races was what made Shush flourish! Shush took the best of all three in different periods of it’s history.

There were times that Shush (Susa) practically took over the whole Mesopotamian Civilizations including Sumer, Akkad, Babylon, Assyria, Chaldea, and the Iranian Civilizations of Elam and Anzan. Those were the times which Shush ruled the whole region. There are stone sculptures, ruins of buildings, bronze metal works, jewelry and industrial art, and many other artifacts left from this civilization.

So, history of Iran starts with Shush civilization 8000 years ago at Khuzestan. A bit later we had many other civilizations in Iran, way before Aryans entered the scene.

What made Susa Flourish?

Iranians have a history of diverse races since 8000 years ago! Iran is a land of many races, ethnicities and cultures. It all started with Susa! There were times that Elamites (ILamies) hemitics were in charge, and then there were times that Anzan (Anshan) Asianics were in charge. And then of course were local Susians whom were of Iranian Local Races. The combination of Hemitics, Asianics, and the Iranian Local races was what made Shush flourish! Shush took the best of all three in different periods of it’s history and established Susa. Iranians took the best of what each civilization had to offer and then they built the heart of global civilization, The Susa Civilization!

The diversity of races, the best of each civilization from all Hemitics, Asianics and Local Iranian Races established Susa to evolve from a City State to a Kingdom and then an Empire! This is called Iranian Ingenuity.

Today we also have many races and ethnicities living in Iran (both Aryan and Non Aryan):

Persians, Azeris, Kurds, Turkmens, Baluchis, Lors, Arabs (Hemites), Jews (Semites), Indians, Blacks, and others. We are all Iranians and together we make up the fabric of what makes Iran great. The history of Iranian tolerance and respect towards “All” races and “Ethnic” Groups starts from Susa and then from Cyrus The Great who wrote the first declaration of human rights on Earth (Cyrus Cylinder). This is why the Racist Garbage will not fly in Iran, and this is how the Persian Empire’s legend goes on ….

Archeological Sites

Beside Shush or Susa Site, there are “Tape Yahya” were bronze were produced at 3800 BC, also Tape Sialak near Kashan were traces of early cottages has been found as old as 5000 BC. Ancient Cemeteries have been found at Tel Bagum near Persepolis, Tape Sialak near Kashan, and Tape Hissar near Damqan. One of the oldest artifacts found in Iran is a 4200 years old knife handle made of bone in the shape of human, wearing a traditional wrap (Long) and a hat (Shab-Kolah). There are also many other art-work found of the same era which shows how Iranians used to always wear fancy designer clothes and a variety of jewelry. Traces of different Gods were found in different sites like Kassia (Lorestan) of a Man-God with two horns on his head like Gilgamesh, all the way to symbols and totems of Mitra, Anahita, and Ahura Mazda.

Tape Hissar of Damqan is of a specific value, cause the artifacts, which have been found, were from the Arsacid (Ashkanid) Dynasty of Iran. As we know the capital of Ashkanid Parthian Empire of Iran was Hecatompylos or Hekatompolis (Sad Darvazeh) near Damqan and many valuable artifacts of Ashkanid has been found at Tape Shir Zhian and Tape Hissar of Damqan, this has opened up a brand new horizon for archaeologists and ancient historians. Among other sites are Tape Gian, Tape Jamshidi and Tape BadHura, all near Nahavand of Hamedan State. Rey located 6 kilometer south of Tehran is also a valuable archeological site. Tape Cheshmeh Ali is the main site at Rey (Shahre Rey) where “Dr. Schmidt” the famous archeologist dug many pottery and dishes. Tel Bagum of Persepolis at Pars State are also, where many ancient Aryan Emblems of the “broken cross” or Schwastika (Swastika) has been found. The life of this Aryan Symbol unlike many believe, is not limited to Nazi Germany, yet it goes all the way back to Ancient Persia and even India (during Indo-European and Aryan establishments). Among other sites are Turang Tape and Shah Tape of Gorgan where more Parthian artifacts were found. Kaleh Dasht of Saveh, Azerbaijan Sites, Hassan Lu near Orurmiyeh, Lorestan Sites, Baluchistan Sites where artifacts from two ancient Khashtarah of Godruzia and Zarank has been found (Khashtarah = State, in ancient Persian language) are amongst many other sites. Tape = Hill in Persian.

Other Civilizations of Iran

Take a brief look at other civilizations before the coming of Aryans to Iran:

* Casia Civilization of Gilan
(Caspian Civilization established in South-West of Caspian Sea) before The Aryan Immigration
* Kirmania Civilization of Jiroft, Kerman (South East of Iranian Plateau)
* Kassite Civilization of Lorestan (West Iran)
* Mannaian Civilization of West Azerbaijan (North West Iran)
* Tapurian Civilization (Mazandaran)
* ELam Civilization (ILam State and beyond)
* Anshan Civilization (North Khuzestan and vicinity)
* Others

Please Note:
Iranian local civilizations (except ILam and partially Anshan) were of the local races of Iran, which had settled in Iran before the coming of Aryans. They were by no means of Hemitic (Arabic) races.

ILam and Anshan Civilizations were a mix of Hemitic and Local Iranian Races.

As we see, there were also other civilizations than Shush, existed before the migration of Aryans to Iran. Among such civilizations were Casia (or Caspians located at today’s Gilan State), Tapuria (located at today’s Mazandaran State). The word Tapur is the original term and it evolved in history of linguistics, specifically in Indo-European language like this:

Tapuria = Tabaria = Tabarestan = (Became Mazandaran)

Also Caspians were a great powerful race located on the shores of Caspian Sea (Largest Lake in the world). Caspians had a progressive civilization but more of a warrior type, yet Tapurs of Tapuria were more of an on the move culture, spreading at jungles, mountains and prairies.

Another famous civilization of Iran before the entrance of Aryans was Kassia (Kassites). Kassian people (Kas-ha) were located at today’s Lorestan State. they were brave warriors, doing many battles and committing many invasions to flat lands of Mesopotamia. Even later on, Kassian people were always among the bravest soldiers of Persian Empire. Elam (ILam) and Anzan (Anshan) were also among Iranian civilizations. Elam was basically located at today’s ILam State of Iran and parts of Iraq, and Anshan was basically located at northern parts of Khuzestan and the neighboring vicinity.

So as we see, great civilizations of Shush, Kassite (Kassia), Casia (Caspian), Tapuria, Elam and Anzan (Anshan) amongst others were very well existed and flourished way before Aryans entered the Iranian Plateau. These civilizations were of Local Iranian Races, Native, Asianic, Hemitic and other races. The Local Natives of Iran as of mixed or pure races can still be found living in these areas.

Chapter Four
The coming of Aryans

The Coming of Aryans

There are many different theories, yet this is the most logical, popular and up-to-dated one chosen by historians:

Aryans originally came from Siberia, thousands of years BC, this migration had started. Eventually Aryans moved from Siberia to Central Asia. By 2000 BC The Aryans were at the gates of Europe, Caucasia, and North of Iranian Plateau. Later on they got well divided and distributed in many branches. The original home of Aryans which was in Siberia was the starting point of this migration and it ended in below destinations:

a) Scandinavia = Vikings => present Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Iceland and vicinity are Aryans.

b) Germania = Germans => present Germany, Austria and vicinity are Aryans.

c) Italia = Italians = 1. South Italy: mixed with North Africans, Berbers, Hemitic, and Blacks. So they lost their pure Aryan racial qualities. They are the present Latin Race. 2. North Italy: Mostly stayed Aryan => present North Italians are Aryans

d) Greece = Greeko-Macedonian = 1. South Greece: mixed with Hemitic, Islanders, North Africans. So they lost their pure Aryan racial qualities. They are the present Latin Race. 2. North Greece: Basically remained Aryan => present North Greeks are Aryans.

e) India = mixed with Ethiopian migrants of North East Africa, lost their pure Aryan Racial Characteristics in total. = at present, rarely any Aryans left in India, just a very small minority at North either left over from original migration of Siberian Aryans to India or the ones who moved escaping Iran from the First Arabo-Islamic Invasion of The Nomads. These second group called Parsi of India. Even many Parsi people are mixed with local Indians, yet in general, these two groups of Rare North Indians and Parsis of India are the purest of Aryans available in India. => Presently very few North Indians and Parsi of India are Aryans.

f) Iran = meaning the Greater Iran (Iranian Plateau), which includes North bound from Russian border: covers parts of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan. East bound from Chinese border: covers Afghanistan, Part of Pakistan (The Baluchistan half). West bound from middle of Turkey and middle of Iraq: covers parts of East Turkey, Armenia, Georgia, parts of Caucasia in Russia, Azerbaijan, Kurdistan of Iraq. South Bound border of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. And the heart of it, of course Iran. All above Iranian Plateau was migrated by Aryans. As of today many people from all these parts are still almost pure Aryan, specifically Northern parts. Therefore = 1. Southern and Central Iranian Plateau people mixed with Arab Hemitic, Turko Mongol, Indian, other races and lost their pure Aryan Racial Characteristics. 2. North Iranian Plateau more or less remained Aryan => present North Iran, North Afghanistan, Armenia, Georgia, part of Turkey, part of Azerbaijan, part of Kurdistan of Iraq, part of Tajikistan, etc are Aryans.

As we see, There are still quit a bit Aryans left in Iran, yet not a lot! They are from the three main tribes of Persia (Pars), Media (Mad) and Parthia (Part).

Three Aryan Tribes of Iran

Persians are located at Pars, Lorestan, Bakhtiari, Yazd States of Iran and vicinity.
Medians are located at Tehran, Kurdistan, Kermanshah, Azerbaijan, Esfahan, Gilan States of Iran and vicinity.
Parthians are located at Khorasan, Semnan, Mazandaran states of Iran and vicinity.

Yet not all people from these states are Aryan! In the present Iran, basically a slim population of Northern Iran and a few scattered bundle of groups here or there are Aryan.

Aryan Migration

By 850 BC The Medians migrated into North Western Iran from central Asia.
By 750 BC Persians migrated into Southern Iran from central Asia.
By 650 BC Parthians migrated into North Eastern Iran from central Asia.

Iranian History

Zoroastra Spitmata The Persian Prophet, Poet and Philosopher lived about 630 BC - 553 BC.
Deioces The Median King 728 BC - 675 BC was the first Median King.
Cyrus the Great started Persian Empire 559 BC.

Knowing these dates and many others, we can divide Iranian History into these Eras.
Iranian History is basically divided into these eras:

Periods of Iranian History

1. Ancient Civilizations Era: 6000 BC - 2000 BC
2. Vedai Era: 2000 BC - 850 BC
3. Pre-Avesta Era: 850 BC - 728 BC
4. The Kingdom Era: 728 BC - 559 BC
5. The First Imperial Era: 559 BC - 651 AD
6. The First Arabo-Islamic Invasion-Occupation Era: 651 AD - 873 AD
7. The Second Imperial Era: 873 AD - 1979 AD
8. The Second Arabo-Islamic Invasion-Occupation Era: 1979 AD - present

1. Ancient Civilizations Era
6000 BC - 2000 BC

This is the era of Shush, Casia (Caspians), Tapuria, Kassites, Elam and Anzan (Anshan) civilizations. Even ILam civilization was bloomed in parts of Iran (especially in ILam State of Iran), yet originated at Mesopotamia and Semitic/Hemitic in nature. Kassites , Casia (Caspians), Tapurians and Shushians were of Asian and local Races, yet ILamians (Elamites) were mostly of Hemitic races and lastly of Local and Other Asian Races. This is the Era of the glory of Shush City States and other local civilizations of Iran.

2. Vedai Era
2000 BC - 850 BC

This was the era that Indian Aryans (at that time pure), were living with Iranian Aryans, together and in harmony. The book of Veda is of this era. The Book of Veda was not written at one time, yet it was written in different centuries. This book has four parts:

Rig Veda
Yajur Veda
Sama Veda
Athravan Veda

Which they were written in different centuries. This book has 1,017 pieces of poetry and 10,500 rhymed lines of poetry (beyt). This book was the living manual for the Aryan tribes before they separated into Indo (Indian) and Euro (Iranian and then extension European) Aryans. There was great emphasis on:

Kula (Immediate family unit),
Gotra (Larger Family Tree),
Goshti (The Whole Family Tree),
Grama (The branch made of the Union of many families),
Visa (Larger group of sub tribe),
and of course
Jana (The Great Tribe).

As we see, it was a tribal society, with a Tribal Culture.

Vedai Culture was a tribal culture, a proud culture with a specific religion of many Gods (Multi Thesis). Amongst the Gods, were Indira God of Thunder and War, Varuna God of Sky and Stars, Agni God of Fire, and Smua which was a mixture of the essence of a specific mountain plant mixed with milk and honey, and it used to create power and heat inside the body; therefore, it was also considered a God.

Clerics of this era were called Rishi. These Rishis were also poets and they were the ones who wrote and sang the poems in The Book of Veda.

Book of Veda is an amazing, historical and enlightening book. Book of Veda is the oldest document on how the Original Aryans lived. Way before they factioned into Indo and Euro parts.

Chapter Five
Establishment of Aryans

3. Pre-Avesta Era
850 BC - 728 BC

This was the era in which Iranian Aryans were separated from Indian Aryans and eventually the European Aryans extended and branched out of them. What we need to understand is that Eastern Aryans such as Iranians were the original Aryan Race with Tan and Beige skin, Black or Brown (Light or dark) hair, Green or Brown eyes, tall or medium tall height, and long foreheads. The original Aryan was the Eastern Aryan, actually if we look at W.W.II and Nazi Germany, we will see that all the leaders of Nazi Party were brunets! Some with blue, green or brown eyes. Look at Hitler, Georing, Goebbels, Spier, Hess, etc. all these Aryan leaders of Nazi Germany were Brunets, not blondes!

The myth of Aryans are supposed to be blonde hair, with blue eyes is only a wrongful myth which created by public! Blonde hair and blue eyes are Anglo-Saxon Race, which originated in England and Western Europe and from there to Northern Americas. This has nothing to do with Aryan Race. Now, there are some tribes of Blonde or very light Brown haired Aryans with Green or some blue eyes among Germanic and Scandinavian Aryans, but by all means this is not the norm amongst the Aryan Tribes.

This era is called Pre-Avesta Era, because it was just before Zoroastra wrote the poetic masterpiece Avesta and Poems of Gatha the holy Persian Aryan Book of Iranian Philosophy. After this date, it is often called The Avestai Era.

Zoroastra lived about 630 BC - 553 BC. Before this time, it has been called the Vedai Era and The Pre-Avesta Era. After this time is called Avestai Era. However:
During Vedai Era
During Pre-Avesta Era
Also after
The Avestai Era

Iranians cherished, worshiped and respected many of their Gods. Amongst the famous ones where:

Female Persian Goddesses

Anahita: (meaning clean and innocent): Goddess of water, fertility, greens and plants
Arishvang: Goddess and the guardian of wealth, economy and power
Azarvan: Goddess of palm trees and the guardian of greenery
Ashtad: Goddess of guiding people into good deeds
Mitra: (meaning Sun): The Sun Goddess (or God - bi gender) of seal, agreement and treaty
Ashi: Goddess of happiness and fulfillness
Ameh: Goddess of victory
Anaram: Goddess and guardian of 30th of each month
Piti Ram: Goddess of Relaxation and peacefulness
Sepandar Maz: Goddess lady guardian of the Earth which brings fertility
Mah: Goddess of planet moon
Mehr: Goddess of the shining light (Mehr was originally Mitra but in later periods they became two separated beings.)
Vate: Goddess of wind

Male Persian Gods

Aban: God of fertility
Ada: God of generosity and rewards
Tir: God of Rain
Avar Zaman: God of Time
Azar Goshasb: God of Fire who owns a heavy powerful horse
Arashtat: God of truth and the guardian of honesty
Asheh: God of settling down
Andarva: God of Air
Indira: God of thunder and war with ugliness and guardian of Aryans (originated from Vedai Era)
Bahram: God of battle and war
Bahman: God of good thoughts
Parand: God of happiness and wealth
Teshba: God of storm
Sorush: God of cleanliness
Hadish: God and guardian of peasants’ houses and agriculture
Ahura Mazda: Master of Intelligence, God of Intelligence

Ahura Mazda - Ahreeman, two sides of the same coin!

Have in mind that these Gods and Goddesses were worshiped and respected before Zoroasta and Zoroastrianism, yet even after Zoroasta, people still had respect for them yet more out of symbolism and tradition. During Achaemenids (559 BC - 330 BC), Ahura Mazda Ancient God of intelligence during Vedai Era, became one of the two dual characters in Zoroastrian philosophy. Zoroastrians started to worship the one and only God Ahura Mazda. Yet the other Character, the Ancient God of Evil Ahriman (Ahreeman) was also there for Zoroastrians to recognize. However many believe that Ahura Mazda and Ahreeman are two sides of the same coin, they are the two faces of the same God, symbolic for the duality of man. Many believe that this duality has been started from Zoroastrianism and they both complete one another. Mitra and Anahita were specifically always as Icons in Persian civilization. Mitra was specially worshiped during Arsacid (Ashkanid) Parthian Dynasty Era (238 BC - 224 AD). Ashkanids believed in the Sun Goddess and the holy power of the sun, they considered themselves as the Sun People. Also Sassanids (224 AD - 651 AD) were Zoroastrian but even then, people did not forget their symbolic respect for Ancient Persian Gods and Goddesses.

4. The Kingdom Era
728 BC - 559 BC

Deioces The first Median King 728 BC - 675 BC, started the first organized nationwide Large Frame Iranian Kingdom. The Median Kingdom was the first of its kind in Iran, a great hierarchy with huge organization of administrations. The capital of this dynasty was Ecbatana (Ekbatana) which is today’s Hamedan. Huvakh-Shatra is the greatest Median King and the grand son to Deioces.

Iran was a Kingdom from 728 BC until 559 BC Accession of Cyrus of Persia, who seized the Median Throne and enlarged Iran into an Empire, The Great Persian Empire.

5. The First Imperial Era
559 BC - 651 AD

Cyrus The Great, started the Persian Empire. Until 559 BC, Iran was a Kingdom, after this date Iran became an Empire. Cyrus was of Achaemenid Dynasty which were Persians, later Arsacid Dynasty came to power by ending Greeko-Macedonian ruling of Iran, Arsacids were Parthian and after them Sassanid Persians gained the power, another Persian dynasty. Cyrus wrote the first human rights document and executed it during his government. Cyrus Cylinder is the very first human rights document of the rights of Nations which had ever written and executed by his majesty Shahanshah, King of Kings, Cyrus The Great.

Persia, Pars Or Iran?

The reader has to have in mind that when we talk about Persia or Persian Empire, we are not specifically talking about Persian Aryans or Achaemenids or Sassanids Dynasty, or specifically people from the state of Pars (Fars). Actually the name of the country from 559 BC until 1935 AD (Reza Shah The Great of the Pahlavi Dynasty Era) was Persia. Wrong or right from 559 BC onward the name of the country has been “Persian Empire” (Emperaturiye Pars) until Qajar Dynasty, later during Qajar it was called “Persia” (Pars), later “Government of Persia” (Hokumate Pars), later “Secured Nation of Persia” (Mamlekate Mahruseye Pars). After 1935 AD, Reza Shah The Great head of Pahlavi Dynasty changed the name of the country from Persia or Pars to Iran. Reza Khan believed that Persia or Pars covers just a State of Iran or a Region of Iran, the name of the country had been wrongfully named Persia or Pars and it is chauvinistic to name the whole nation Pars or Persia. Why not name the nation Iran which means “The Land of Aryans”?! Because Iran is for all Iranians, not just Persians! So Persia or Persian term for it, Pars will not be proper.

People against this change also made a case that by naming the country Iran, we are using a Racist Term, which means “The Land of Aryans”. Association of Iran during W.W.II with Nazi Germany and the great economic cooperation, programs, and plans between the two nations was not a great help for the Pro Iran Termers either! Pro Pars termers stated that Iran is not proper, not just because it is a racist term, yet because it simply states “Land of Aryans” meaning it only covers “Persians, Medians, and Parthians” (Pars, Mad, and Part), then how about none Aryans? How about people outside the Three Aryan Tribes?!

These were only historical facts and events which had happened so far. I just wanted the readers to have a historical perspective on the issue and also to understand, either due to the cultural, verbal or technical reasons, right or wrong:

“When we mention Persia or Persian Empire, we mean Iran after 559 BC, and by no means, it is necessarily wrong to say so.”

So from 559 BC a beginning by Cyrus until 651 AD an end by Yazdgird III, The First Imperial Era has lasted. Despite all the braveries of Iranians including Yazdgird III and Ahura bless his great spirit, Arteshbod “Rostam Farokhzad” head of Persian forces and the Grand General in charge of the defense of Ctesiphone, the great Sassanid Capital near Baghdad, Iran had lost the war. This was due to 60 years of war with Rome and Roman Empire, which had weakened the Persian Empire economically, militaristically, and spiritually. Another reason for this loss was the ever expanding distance between the social classes, unhappy lower classes, elite corrupt power of some Zoroastrian Clerics (Mobeds and Mobede Mobedan), and last but not least “The Persian Traitors” and Infidels who always betrayed Iran and spied for Rome or Arabs. Persian Traitors were many low lives who sold Iran by the pound, and they are still doing it now!

As we mentioned, Persia is the Latin term for Iran. Pars is the Persian term for Persia. Iran is the name of the country after 1935. So Persia, Pars and Iran are the same.

Chapter Six
Arabo-Muslim Invasion and Occupation

6. The First Arabo-Islamic Invasion-Occupation Era
651 AD - 873 AD

From 651 AD, death of Yazdgird III by a Persian Traitor, until 873 AD when The Great Nationalist “Yaqub Leis Saffarid” of the Saffarid Dynasty put an end to the Arab domination of Iran, is also called the First Dark Ages of Iran. However during this Era we had some greatest of the greats, some of the best Nationalists and freedom fighters of all times in our history, fighting to free Iran. Let us name a few:

Persian Male Freedom fighters

Abu Moslem Khorasani and his black shirts followers of the state of Khorasan, they fought during the occupational Era. True Parthian son of Iran who fought for years to keep the Persian culture pure, and to keep Arabs out of it.

Maziyar, Great freedom fighter of Iran

Babak Khoramdin and his red shirts followers who fought Arabs during the Occupational Era.

Abolqasem Ferdowsi Tusi, Greatest Iranian patriot poet, Shakespeare of Iran, who revived Persian Language, and did not let Arabs to destroy our beloved Persian Language. He wrote the masterpiece “Shahnameh” or book of kings. Not a single word of Arabic and none Persian terms had been used in this book. We owe Ferdowsi our language.

Yaqub Leis Saffarid, the greatest of all the freedom fighters of Iran. He saved a great amount of Persian books in his vast library to save the Persian Language, culture and science. He made teachers, university professors, poets and writers to only speak, teach, read and write Persian, so we could save our traditions, culture and most of all our Persian Language. He was also the man who finally kicked Arabs for once and for all out of Iran (Majority of Persian Land freed from Arabs). 873 AD was when Yaqub Leis Saffarid of Saffarid Dynasty of Sistan and Baluchistan freed Iran from Muslim Arab Savages, defeated and destroyed all Arab forces in Iran and bought our freedom and independence. May his great spirit rest in eternal peace, may Ahura bless his great soul.

Persian Female Freedom Fighters

Apranik, Daughter of “Piran” the Persian General, She was a commander in Imperial Sassanid’s Persian Military. She was fighting Arabo-Muslim Invaders at the same time that General Arteshbod Rostam Farokhzad was fighting them on another front and Yazdgird III of Sassanid was chasing and searching for extra reinforcement of Persian Cavalry to fight Arabs. Yazdgird, Rostam and Apranik were the three Aces of Persian leadership fighting the barbarian Bedouin nomad Arab Muslims. She fought bravely and killed a whole bunch of savages during her many campaigns.

Negan, vigilante Freedom Fighter with her own private army and band of freedom fighters who fought the invading Arab savages and showed the world, what Persian Nationalism means.

Banu, Lady Banu, wife of “Babak Khoramdin”, she fought Arabs side by side of Babak, during the occupation Era of Iran.

Buran, Prime Minister of Ma’mun The Arab Caliph of Tazi (Arab Hound), Abbasid Dynasty during the occupational years. She always kept Iranian Benefits in mind. Her prerogative was to help Iran by working reforms from inside the occupational government, actually she became Caliphate of all Muslim’s Prime Minister. She was Dadmah’s daughter, which is also known as Hassan-e Sahl. Buran was the powerful Vazir (Prime Minister) of Abbasids. She had done reforms from within the Arab occupational regime and softened the Anti Iranian resentments inside the Arab Regime.

Azad, The great female commando partisan warrior from Deylam, Gilan State of Iran. Azad and her group of freedom fighters used to hit and run The Arab Armies, in a way that they damaged and then ran into the bushes and Jungles of Gilan. She kept the struggle up for years.

All these sons and daughters of Iran fought and died or fought and celebrated victory for Iran and Iranians. It was because of their great sacrifice that we are still an independent nation with an independent language and culture of our own. If it weren’t because of these heroes, we would have been just another Arab country like Egypt, Lebanon, Tunis or others! These countries had great civilizations before Islam, yet due to the fact that they lost their language, they are basically known as just another Arab Nation!

Civilizations which were destroyed by Islam

Islam destroyed many great civilizations in the world, such as:

Kingdom of Lakhmid (Arabian Peninsula)
Yemen Civilization (Arabian Peninsula)
Heireh Civilization (Arabian Peninsula)
Carthaginian Empire (Tunis, North Africa)
Egyptian Empire (North Africa)
Phoenicia, the great sea trading nation (Lebanon)
Sham, the civilized Asian colony of Rome (Syria)
Napata, great Ex-Persian Colony and civilization in North Africa (Sudan)
Siranaique Civilization (Libya)
etc.

Now why are we emphasizing on these two periods of invasion-occupation by Arabo-Muslims and why are we specifically distinguish them in Persian History, you ask? Especially when so many other invasions and occupations took place in Iranian History in the past, then why these two periods are named as Eras? There were invasions, which ended up in partial or complete occupations of Iran in the past. They were by historical order:

Invaders and occupiers of Persia

Skiths (Saka-ha) invasion led by Kulak Sais
Greeko- Macedonian invasion led by Alexander The Macedonian
Hithies invasion led by Heftalito
Hun Turks invasion led by Tumen The Hun
Arabo-Muslim invasion led by Omar Ibn Al Khatab The Second Caliph of Rashedin
Seljuq Turks invasion led by Toqrul Beyk
Mongols (Turkish Origin) invasion led by Genghiz Khan
Timuri Turkmen’s invasion led by Amir Timur Lang (The Cripple)
and finally,
Qalzay Afghans’ invasion led by Mahmoud Afghan

Now, what makes the first and second invasion of Arab and Muslims to Iran so special that we need to specifically select different Eras for them?

Because in all the past invasions, no enemy had ever got to the point that they absolutely almost destroyed all aspects, functions, connections and systems of the Persian way of life, social structure, traditions and culture, like it occurred during the first Islamic Invasion of Iran at 651 AD which lasted for about 222 years before our nationalist ancestors kicked them out of the land of Aryans. Also the second Arabo_Islamic Invasion of Iran which occurred at 1979, was much worst than the first one. Even though the Religious card, was a winning Ace Card and an important element to play with the public emotions which led to create disturbance to destroy the very fundamental and fabrics of the Persian way of life, and it was present during both the first and the second Islamic Invasion, yet during the second one it has been used in a much wider scale.

During the first AIOG (Arabo-Islamic Invasion Occupation) of Iran at 651 AD, Islam was introductory but during the second AIOG, clerics used Islam and the religious fanaticism and emotional feelings, also the ignorance of the public to destroy the very roots and fundamentals of the Persian Order of living.

The second reason that made the Second Islamic Invasion of 79, much dangerous than the first, was that the second invasion happened during modern era and it used all that modern technology had to offer, to destroy the Persian Lifeline. It used modern methods of mass propaganda by the Mass Media, TV, Radio, Speakers at every street corner, speakers at Mosques, newspapers, magazines, books, text books at schools, falsely authored twisted blend of Islamically correct history text books taught to children since elementary schools, teachings of a twisted majority of educators controlled by the Islamic State controlled ministry of Education, use of cyber space and over all Mass brainwash of our youth in Mass Quantity. And that is why the Second High Tech Arabo-Islamic Invasion of Iran at 1979 was much more devastating, dangerous and damaging rather than the First Low Tech Barbaric Arabo-Islamic Invasion of Iran by Omar.

After the first invasion…… it was the destiny for Iran to be free……..
But then again, we must come out of this second one, alive and well

Chapter Seven
Second Revival of Iran

7. The Second Imperial Era
873 AD - 1979 AD

We have much more information about this period than the past ones. We had great rulers and then miserable ones! After the first Islamic Invasion, Iran could never straighten its back all the way like it was before! The glory days of the Persian Empire were never repeated as the past, yet we had our blooming moments during certain eras of Safavids, Afsharids, and Zand. Yaqub Leis Saffarid was the savior of Iran and then Iran had her high times with Shah Abbas The Great, Nader Shah The Great, and Karim Khan Zand. The dark ages of Qajar were not far off. Besides Aqa Mohamad Khan who was a worthy protector for Iran, the rest of the family were weak minded, promiscuous, leeches who sucked Iran dry and gave away all its great states and cities to British and Russians. Aside Aqa Khan (Aqa Mohamad Shah Qajar), the last Persian Emperor (Shahanshah), the rest of Qajar kings were sad politicians and weak leaders. Great parts of Iran which been protected for centuries were lost during this dynasty. The only worthy person after Aqa Mohamad Khan was Abbas Mirza, The Qajar Prince who never became King, yet he fought bravely with Russian Aggressors of the North. Abbas Mirza could win the war if Tehran would have sent him proper supplies, but the supplies never reached the front! Great States of Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Ariana and Bakhtar (present Afghanistan), the Baluchistan half (of present Pakistan), Bahrain Island all and all got separated from Mother Iran and all these “istan” nations were formed!

Shahanshah Aryamehr had warned Iranians that please do not let Iran become Iranistan! What he meant was that in ancient past due to Qajar’s unworthiness all these states of Iran became some kind of “istan country” like Afghanistan or Tajikistan! What British or Russians done was to steal every little piece of Iran, every vein, blood vessels, or body part of Iran and colonized them for as long as they could, and after ward, when they could not use them any more, they gave them superficial independence and created all of these “istans” nations out of their rectums! They created countries of Afghanistan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, etc., during the last 200 or so years! Shah warned Iranians to not let Iran, the very heart of Persian Empire to become Iranistan. Unfortunately Iran did become Iranistan and under the direct supervision of the British Empire and their servant cleric mullahs and Ayatollahs, now Iran had become KIR (Khomeini’s Islamic Republic)!

After the disgrace, and religious dark ages of Qajar, there came another savior, Reza Shah The Great, the head of Pahlavi Dynasty who practically saved Iran out of the Quick Sand of Superstition and dragged her into the 20th Century and modern ages. He massively industrialized Iran. He built everything that Iran had and Iran has. He was truly the Father of Nation and the Greatest Nationalist that Iran has ever had. Later on Mohamad Reza Shah, Shahanshah Aryamehr also continued the same path, which Reza Khan took, yet he was never as determined and strong as his father. Specifically in his later years, he developed cancer, he became indecision, he could not make up his mind to stop the Reaction of 1979 by all costs! He never used his full power to eliminate even ten thousand of the traitors and Muslim terrorists who caused the reaction of 79. If he would even opened fire and eliminated 10, 000 of these Islamists, then the reaction of 79 would have never occurred.

Shah cared too much about the world’s public opinion! Obviously Islamic Republic, later on did not care a bit about world’s public opinion and they mass executed about 15, 000 of our best sons and daughters only in one shot and without even show trials! Back then, if Shah would have prison only after a show trial of about a thousand communists and Mojaheds, the whole western world, the confederation of anti government students in west, and all the western media would have crucified him by twisting the issue out of proportion! But the same western nations, mass media and confederation of anti government students had shut the hell up when Khomeini’s Regime executed 15,000 political prisoners only in one shot and then eliminated another 15,000 during a few later years, bit by bit!

Shah would prison between a 1000 to 3000 terrorists and anarchists, and the liberal west would scream murder, yet Khomeini’s regime mass eliminated 30,000 people mostly without even show trials, and not a sound or a single peep came out of these western liberal nations, these civilized nations. Why? Because they were all in cahoots to destroy Iran, to steal Iran blind out of her resources, to create a puppet regime of Ayatollahs which have already lasted 28 + years, to take as much cheap oil as they want, especially when the leader of OPEC, the leader of a powerful independent Iran, The powerful Shah is not in the picture any more. Now the whole Western Europe and Japan can dance like vultures on top of the dead body of Iran while their puppet Ayatollah Regime can rob what’s left of Iran, blind! Great Britain as the leader of the game done a perfect job. The only loser of this game was United States, who thought they would gain by creating a Green Islamic Belt around the Communist Russia of then, but it simply back fired in their face and the bastard sons that Carter and CIA gave birth to, like Taliban in Afghanistan, and IRI in Iran became USA’s worst enemies and heads of international terrorism. On the other hand Russians started the sale of all their old military junk to Iran, Chinese also got rich by selling all kinds of things from Atomic Technology to industrial plants to Islamic Regime of Mullahs. Everybody is happy, except that it backfired on USA’s face and of course it destroyed Iran and Iranians.

The prestigious Imperial Iran had turned to IRI, the number one supporter of Terrorism in the whole world! USA lost a great ally and gained a greater enemy! Thanks to Carter and CIA!

Now I would like to mention about a few Shahanshahs which are called “The Great”. In history of Iran we only have a few Emperors or kings who have this title and are worthy of it:

Shahanshahs with title of “The Great”

Cyrus The Great of Achaemenid
Darius The Great of Achaemenid
Xerxes The Great of Achaemenid
Mithradates The Great of Arsacid
Shapour The Great of Sassanid
Yaqub Leis The Great of Saffarid
Shah Abbas The Great of Safavid
Nader Shah The Great of Afsharid
Reza Shah The Great of Pahlavi

The few and the best that Iran had. The Nine Greats, The Greatest Persians of all times.

8. The Second Arabo-Islamic Invasion-Occupation Era
1979 AD - present

The Nightmare years had started from 1979 until the present day. The glorious progressive Iran, the second economic power of Asia, only second to Japan, the greatest military power of Asia only second to China got reduced to ashes. The war with Iraq which could last a couple of weeks during the Imperial Military, lasted 8 long years, cause IRI killed, retired or exiled all the officers above the rank of lieutenant! Iran had no pilots to fly her massive and numerous jet fighters and bombers, Iran had no military commanders to lead the military with tactics and strategies! Iranian Glorious Imperial Military was reduced to nothing with servants, lampoons, buss-boys and Tea-boys (servants who bring tea to people) running the headquarters as Generals! Yesterday’s Tea-Boys (Abdarchi) became today’s Generals! Both IRI and Iraqi regime needed an 8 years war to distract people from ills of their societies, to twist people’s attention to the war so they would not commit a revolution to overthrow both regimes! And that’s why the 8 years war happened and it lasted that long!

Iran had collapsed, practically all shreds of the society including economy, social structure, work environment, security of nation, world’s prestige and influence is trashed. There is no morality left in Iran. Crime rate, drug use, prostitution, inflation, unemployment, murder, corruption, are sky-high. Iran is barely alive, yet Mullahs are still sucking the very last drops of blood out of her veins. A fanatical religious government, a theocratic dictatorship under Imam, the descendant of Allah, Ayatollah Seyed Ali Khamenei is the absolute ruler of Iran and he is the crown prince of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the great leech! Other bastards are sharing the wealth such as Ayatollah Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani! This man, Rafsanjani is the most powerful and the richest man in Iran. He is one of the richest men in the globe. He used to be a construction worker, a contractor who built fixer upper houses and sold them for much more before the revolution, now he is the ultimate power and the greatest land owner/farm owner in Iran. Khamenei himself was the boy toy and the party boy of Imam Khomeini, doing all kinds of favors for him, now he is the leader of all Shiite Muslims in the world! Another idiot, a puppet-like toy called the Ex president of Islamic Republic named Seyed Mohamad Khatami were appointed as the president of the nation and played the role of the good liberal guy just to calm the ever growing unhappy voices of the people. He was specifically there as the leader of Reformist liberal fraction of IRI, just to convince this fraction that they own the legislative and the executive branch of the government but any fool knows that both branches are powerless in comparison to Judicial, military, police, revolutionary guards, Basij Militia, Fanatical Ansare Hezbollah, and the right wing clerics who are all and all under the leadership of the supreme religious leader of the land, Imam Khamenei!

On the other hand Rafsanjani and his Kar Gozaran moderate branch and fraction of Islamic Republic of Iran are simply getting rich and running the whole nation’s business! Islamic Republic and all its fractions of Reformists, Moderates, and Conservatives are all and all playing a game at the cost of death for the nation of Iran. They are all dancing on the grave of Iran and Iranians. Iran will never be free, will never see a day of Democracy until state and religion, Mosque and Government are separated. This task is not possible in an Islamic government, because in an Islamic Regime, the Government, Judicial, Economics, State and all other aspects of the society are a part of the Religion. Islam is not just another religion, yet it is a dangerous political ideology. Mohammed the Arab prophet was not your average messenger of God, yet he was a Ruler, a Caliph, a Sultan and the leader of all Muslims in the world. Muhammad was a ruler first and a prophet second. He governed, actually he was the only prophet who was also the head of state! After him, the tradition kept on going and all his descendants became leaders of the land. A Caliph in an Islamic Nation is the leader of the government and also the supreme religious leader. It has been like this since Mohammed and it is like this now during Imam Khamenei in Iran! Therefore, to achieve democracy in Iran, the very fundamental of the Islamic Ideology and the Islamic Regime must be destroyed. Islam is the central heart of this inhuman regime; therefore we must primarily deal with Islam!

The latest events proved that Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) headed by Qods Special Forces in fact made a coup and taken over the Islamic Republic of Iran’s Government and appointed their spokesman, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad as the president! Of course in Iran of today, this action is called “Elections”!

Chapter Eight
Conclusion

Conclusion

Islam should only be allowed to live inside the Mosques and inside peoples’ houses, other than that it should get out of every single aspect of the Iranian Society. As I mentioned before, Islam is not just another religion, yet it is a dangerous political ideology. It is a cancer, it works like a virus and it destroys the nation’s governing body and eliminates it like it has done to Iran.

People like Dr. Kourosh Aryamanesh, the great Nationalist Historian, educator, author, journalist, and exposer of Islam had paved us the way to freedom with their blood. They paid for every bit of knowledge they gave us with their lives. Dr. Kourosh Aryamanesh “The modern reviver of Persian Culture” done the same thing for The Persian Culture as Ferdowsi done for The Persian Language. Some call him “The Modern Day Ferdowsi”. These legends showed us the way to salvation, now it’s up to us to continue the battle, and fight to preserve our culture and our lifeline or just stand by and let it all rot. It will be a slippery and winding road to save our traditions, The anti Iranian sellout opportunists and Persian Traitors are everywhere and bound to serve their Beast Master Ayatollahs. Islam has both hands around our necks, choking the very essence of life out of our Mother Land, Tazi Forces are out to destroy our Persian Way of Life, seems like the darkness is all over the place……

However, the bright sun will come out from beneath the dark clods of Islam, and the true shining light of Aryan civilization and Persian traditions will shine once more from beneath the Islamic clouds of ignorance. Iran must and will be free once more, we the free sons and daughters of Iran will make sure of it…

What we need to know is that, all the great ancient cultures of the world by the order of their historical age, including:

Egypt with about 6000 years of history
China with about 5200 years of history
India with about 4600 years of history
Peru (Aspero) with about 4600 years of history
Greece with about 4000 years of history
Mexico (Olmec) with about 3200 years of history
Lebanon (Phoenicia) with about 3100 years of history
Tunisia (Carthage) with about 2800 years of history
Italy (Rome) with about 2500 years of history
Japan with about 1700 years of history

Are no match and by no means even near the:

8000 years of Iranian History
The Oldest Civilization in The World

Bibliography

Below Historical documents written by Persian, Arabic, English, Greek, Armenian, and American Historians, Geographers and Philosophers, also different documents and historical articles researched and written by myself has been used to create this series of articles.

Sources

I. History of Tabari by Abu Jaffar Tabari compiled by Dr. Mohamad Javad Mashkur
II. Iran in Ancient Times (Iran dar Ahde Bastan) by Dr. Mohamad Javad Mashkur
III. History of Bel-Azari by Abu Al Abbas Bel-Azari
IV. Asar Al Baqiyeh by Abu Reyhan Biruni translated by Ali Akbar Dana Seresht
V. History of Early Iran by George G. Cameron
VI. Delegation in Perse Memoirs by M De Morgan
VII. Papers on Susa by M De Morgan
VIII. Tarikhe Sani Moluk Al Arz by Hamzeh Esfahani
IX. Tarikhe Beyhaqi by Abolfazl Mohammad ibn al Hussein Beyhaqi
X. Tarikhe Bal’ami by Abu Ali Bal’ami
XI. History of Qaznavids by Kelifor Edmond Bazos
XII. Travel Diaries of Faustus de Byzantine by Faustus de Byzantine
XIII. History of Herodot by Herodot translated by Hassan Pirnia Moshir ol Douleh
XIV. History of Plutark by Plutark translated by Dr. Ahmad Kasravi
XV. Book of Veda
XVI. Book of Avesta by Zarathustra Spitmata
XVII. Shahnameh by Abolqasem Ferdowsi Tusi
XVIII. Farsnameh by Ibn Balkhi
XIX. Siyasatnameh by Khajeh Nizam ol Molk
XX. Atlas of World History by John Haywood Ph.D.
XXI. Atlas of World History by Rand McNally
XXII. Atlas of The World History by Hammond
XXIII. Rome’s Enemies: Parthians and Sassanid Persians by Peter Wilcox
XXIV. New Kingdom Egypt by Mark Healy
XXV. The Greek and Persian Wars 500 BC - 323 BC by Jack Cassin-Scott
XXVI. Reza Shah Dar Ayeneyeh Khaterat compiled by Ebrahim Safaee
XXVII. Under Five Shahs by General Hassan Arfa
XXVIII. Iran and The Great Powers by Dr. Iraj Zoqi
XXIX. Majma’ol Tavarikh compiled by Malek ol Shoara-ye Bahar
XXX. History of Iran after Islam by Dr. Abdol Hossein Zarrinkub
XXXI. The Complete History of Iran by Dr. Abdollah Razi
XXXII. The Modern Encyclopedia of 21st Century by Fereydoun Safari
XXXIII. The Center of Universe: The Geopolitics of Iran by Graham E. Fuller
XXXIV. Collection of Iranian Historical Maps # 1 by Geographical and Cartographic Institute of Sahab
XXXV. Collection of Ancient Historical Maps # 2 by Hammond
XXXVI. A number of historical documents, essays, articles and illustrations - researched, written and graphic designed by Ahreeman X.

Once again, attribution to IPC